Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics - Essay Example Gilligan persuasively argues that in any ethical situation, one must take into account the human need to care for ourselves and for those close to us. She primarily uses women as the subject of the caring. She launches her platform from the suppression of women and their needs. The book flaunts the social selflessness that is incumbent upon women as they care for others, as the basis for developing care ethics. Kant’s categorical imperative attempts to create universal laws acceptable in all ways, without exception. He tries to create freestanding statements that do not require elucidation to establish them. He accepts that such categorical imperatives are difficult to derive. The ordinary person will not be able to logically reason his way through such maxims, nor question their validity. However, through experience, an ordinary person will be able to determine for herself if such maxims work or not. If one disobeys the maxims, and suffers as a result, one will automatically understand that the maxim had a reason for being so rigid. Nevertheless, the experience itself is dependent on emotional decisions, which one makes under pressure, the consequences of which help one realize the value of the maxims.

Black people in the USA in 1945 Essay Example for Free

Black people in the USA in 1945 Essay Blacks in the USA in 1945 were not considered as equal; the treatment of people was based on their skin colour, a practice that had been going on for many years before, even after the Reconstruction of society after the Civil War in which the blacks were liberated from slavery. In theory, blacks were free to work and live where they wanted, but the figures at the time told a different story: by 1960, around 17% of the workforce of white-collar workers, i.e. professional, technical, administration, etc., were blacks, while the whites remained the majority at 47%. The blue-collar work, such as craftsmen, manual labourers, etc. jobs that are renowned for needing less skill and education had 40% of the workforce as blacks, and 36% were whites. Blacks just werent provided the education and qualifications to do the professional types of work due to separation of black and white facilities. Not only were they held back at getting the higher-class jobs, they were paid less for the same wor k that whites did; in 1950, blacks earned about 53% of a whites wage. This figure remained the same over the next 20 years, with it rising 11% to blacks earning 64% of a whites wage. All over the USA, blacks were discriminated against in almost all areas of life, whether it is the law of the state, or just by the custom of the local society. After the abolishment of slavery, slaves had the choice of moving away from their former homes and having their own lives; unfortunately, many blacks didnt have any money to move halfway across the USA to the northern states that had fought to free them. Those who did have the finance to travel rarely had enough money afterwards to sustain a good quality of life after they had moved. The custom of de facto came into play in some of the Northern states; ghettos and places where the majority of the population were black sprung up in towns and cities. Segregation by custom in the North was contrasted with segregation by law, or de jure, in the South- Jim Crow laws forbade blacks, for example, to enter white facilities, or sit on buses with whites, etc. Places where de facto was in force came up with other ways to separate blacks from whites to keep the Southern order of things; red lining was when banks were not allowed to give money for mortgages if they suspected it would be a risky investment- if a black family moved into a certain area, it would lower the prices of the surrounding houses. This  meant that places such as ghettos were built up, when the majority of the population were black. This type of segregation wasnt by law, but by custom, blacks werent forced to live in black areas, but they felt pressured to live in certain places because of the practises such as red lining in effect. Although it is in the Constitution that everyone is equal and has the same civil rights, it is beliefs like red lining that push a wedge between races; it may not seem constitutional, but it is up to the Supreme Court in the USA to decide what is constitutional. They decided that slavery was lawful mainly due the fact that the Southern states economy was based on slavery; they were needed to produce cotton, the main export in the 19th century. Without them, the economy would have fallen apart. After the 13th amendment to the Constitution, slavery was no longer legal, but the Supreme Court still remained to overlook state laws that continued discrimination and practices that could be seen as worse then slavery- for example, the Ku Klux Klan were allowed to terrorise and lynch blacks, yet lynching was not made illegal. The Supreme Court declared that the 14th amendment forbids states, but not citizens, from discriminating (1) Separate facilities for blacks and whites were considered as the solution to the discrimination problem; the Supreme Court believed that the blacks were separate but equal when they were forced to use different buildings, transport, schools and hospitals then the whites. Since the Supreme Court approved laws and could declare them unconstitutional if they wanted to, they were the ones who the blacks has to convince if they wanted to change anything; in legal cases, the trial had to be taken to the Supreme Court to have any impact, since the State Courts were always going to be in favour of the Jim Crow laws. The Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) case was when Homer Plessy refused to sit in the coloured car of a train and sat in the white section instead. The case went to Supreme Court, and they ruled that Plessy was guilty and sentenced him to pay a fine or go to jail. This was considered the most shameful ruling of the Supreme Court in history; it shows the extent of the discrimination against blacks, even after slavery was abolished- even though Plessy was 1/8 black and 7/8 white, he was still considered as black in the eyes of the Louisiana law. Although many people thought that this ruling was  shocking, there wasnt much that could be done, since they did not have a definite leader to show them what the do; everything that the movement did was relatively unorganised, with maybe one person leading the others. People such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Booker T. Washington tried to unite blacks under one leadership, but it did not work, because everyone has different opinion on what should be done about the discrimination problem. Dr Martin King Jr. was a black leader that advocated peaceful resistance; because of this, many whites accepted him because they knew that he would not cause violence, but blacks did not like this as peaceful protest could only take them so far- they felt that King was weaker then some of the other extremist black leaders, such as Malcolm X. Kings approach to fighting against their oppression wasnt enough to keep the blacks following him; they preferred people who were willing to do more for the benefit of all blacks. Another leader who was thought as weak by fellow blacks was Booker T. Washington; he was accused of being an accommodationist to the whites, as he wasnt campaigning for equal civil rights, he was concentrating on equal job opportunities- this wasnt what the blacks were fighting for; they wanted to be free to do what the whites could do, not only in jobs but in other aspects of life too. The leaders of the movement were not united, therefore they were not strong- many leaders were critical of others, for example, W.E.B DuBois criticised Washington, saying that blacks cannot get social equality if they do not get political equality first. The New Deal is a phrase used to explain the actions taken after Black Tuesday when the US Stock market crashed to stop the effects of the Depression disturbing the lives of the public. Laws were passed to help stop the consequences of the Depression becoming a long-term problem; within the first hundred days, President Roosevelt passed a law that lowered workers salaries and pensions by up to 15%- a move that people did not like, yet it saved a lot of money for the government. Another act was passed that stated that the government could inspect banks before letting them open again so they could see if the bank was eligible to lend and hold money. This prevented banks lending out money that they did not have, therefore they did not losing money for their customers and wouldnt have to close, as they  would have to have done if they did lend out money they didnt have. The New Deal was produced so the government could help all of those that were affected by the Depression; this helped the blacks because they were some of the poorest people in the USA at the time, and as many as 8% of blacks were unemployed in 1955. For the blacks, the New Deal slightly improved their way of living as it was designed to help everyone without discrimination. Soon after New Deal was set up, the situation for blacks was improved socially by the outbreak of the Second World War. When the Americans were brought into the war, they needed as many men as they could to fight; blacks had regiments where they could join and be equal to whites, but they still were not allowed to belong to the same regiment as the whites- there were some who did, but they were rare, they normally belonged to an all-black regiment. At the end of the war, the blacks got more ambitious; they were allowed to fight for their country, but America wasnt even grateful enough of them to let them be equal. This would have enraged African Americans since they had fought so hard to be a part of America, so the Civil Rights movement activity increased, which put pressure on the government to do something. The Nazi ideology also pushed the government into action, because what the Americans were doing to the blacks could be compared to the Germans discriminating against the Jews in Germany; the blacks realised this, so demanded equality, as they didnt want the same to happen to them. In conclusion, the position of blacks in 1945 was not equal to whites: even after a century of supposed freedom from slavery, blacks were still treated as inferiors to whites. Laws and acts were in effect that encouraged the discrimination of blacks. Amendments such as the rights for blacks to vote and the rights for them to be equal were passed, but there were so many other laws that cancelled them out. Jim Crow laws in the South and practises such as red lining in the North made it impossible for blacks to be seen as equal politically, whilst rebellions by extremist whites and groups such as the Ku Klux Klan stopped blacks gaining any social standing or equality. Blacks were supposed to be equal, but by 1945, some may comment that the position of them was worse then slavery, as the blacks were on their own in  there poverty and discrimination; before, they had their slave owners who would clothe and feed them to keep productive workers- they would never be out on the streets as slaves, but as free people, they received basically no help. Things that whites took for granted, such as clean and good-quality facilities, and jobs that are fair and just are things that blacks counted themselves lucky if they managed to get any equality. People like Martin Luther King Jr. and W.E.B. DuBois tried to get equality, both through violence and peaceful means, but it didnt have much effect to the political and social standing of blacks. The discrimination of blacks continued right into the 20th century, even up into the 21st century. It was slow going for the blacks right to equality, but actions by both blacks and whites changed things for the better. H owever, in 1945, blacks were not considered as equal, but as 3/5s of a human being. Bibliography: (1) http://www.alternativeinsight.com/Reparations-Slavery.html Field, Ron; Civil Rights in America 1865-1980; Cambridge University Press http://www.lawbuzz.com/can_you/plessy/plessy.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal

The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanisti

The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwin's Mechanistic Views of Evolution The need to understand organisms has been a much sought goal of science since its birth as biology. History shows Aristotle and Charles Darwin as two of the most powerful biologists of all time. Aristotle's teleological method was supported widely for over 2,000 years. One scientist remarks that the Aristotelian teleology "has been the ghost, the unexplained mystery which has haunted biology through its whole history" (Ayala, 10). If Aristotle's approach has frightened biology, then Darwin, who actually nicknamed himself the "Devils Chaplain," and his idea of natural selection has virtually dissected Aristotle's ghost. While Aristotle explained biology through a plan and a purpose, Darwin debated that randomness and chaos are responsible for the organic world as we know it. Guiseppe Montalenti, an Italian geneticist and philosopher of biology, wrote that Darwin's ideas were a rebellion against thought in the Aristotelian-scholastic way (Ayala, 4). In order to understand how Darwinism can be considered a revolt against Aristotle, we must first inspect Aristotle's ideas and thoughts about biology. Aristotle used teleology to explain the harmony and final results of the earth. Teleology is the study of the purpose of nature. Aristotle believed that scientists should follow the plan adopted by mathematicians in their demonstrations of astronomy, and after weighing the phenomena presented by animals, and their several parts, follow consequently to understand the causes and the end results. Using this method, Aristotle constructed causes for body parts and processes of the human body, such as sundry types of teeth. Aristotle elucidated on this topic: "When we have ascertained the thing's existence we inquire as to its nature†¦when we know the fact we ask the reason" (Evans, 82). Despite Aristotle's frequent teleological explanations, he did warn against teleology leading to misinterpretations of facts. In a short writing on the reproduction of bees in Generation of Animals, Aristotle was troubled that there were insufficient observations on the subject, and warns that his theory is dependent on facts supporting the theory. One twentieth century biologist... ... to describe evolution teleologically. This proof, of course, is not possible, as evolution through natural selection cannot be described as goal-oriented since it happens due to previous events or transformations, not in anticipation of coming events. If we were goal-oriented, natural selection would not be supple enough to be useful in rapidly changing environments (Mayr, 43). References Aristotle. The Works of Aristotle, Encyclopedia Britannica. New York, 1952 Ayala, F.J. and Tobzharsky, T. Studies in the Philosophy of Biology. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 1974. Burrow, John. Editor introduction to Charles Darwin's Origin of the Species Penguin books. England, 1968. Evans, G. The Physical Philosophy of Aristotle. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, 1964. Kirk, G., Raven, J. and Schofield, M. The Presocratic Philosophers. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 1983. Mayr, Ernst. Toward a New Philosophy of Biology. Harvard University Press. 1988. Moore, Ruth. Evolution. Time-life books. Alexandria, Virginia. 1980. Simpson, George The Meaning of Evolution. Yale University Press. New Haven and London. 1949.

‘Educating Rita’ by Willy Russell Essay

Rita, Frank and their relationship change throughout the play. Rita’s education and confidence both grow as the story progresses. Frank’s attitude towards life declines dramatically en route for the middle of the play but there is hint of improvement at the end. Their relationship undergoes many changes during the play. They grow apart, slowly and eventually reach a point where their separation is much needed and inevitable, although their feelings towards each other are of affection once again. At the beginning of the play Rita is a stereotypical working class girl, with little education and a lot of determination. She uses a lot of slang and colloquial language, ‘stupid bleedin† handle’ and ‘off me cake’, which shows her lack of education and her class. Rita appears ro be a confident girl, but she uses humour to cover up her nerves, ‘that’s what I do. Y’ know when I’m nervous.’ Rita is also a lively, talkative person and very blunt and forthright. She shows this when she ‘takes the pencil from Frank and scribbles out the letter ‘S’.’ Rita has a particularly determined character. At the start of the play she knows that she wants an improved life, with choices and she knows an education will give her that. So she is making sure she is going to get it, even at the cost of her marriage. When Rita leaves Denny she still wants to learn and discuss her ‘Macbeth’ essay immediately. At the beginning of ‘Act 2 Scene 2’ Rita is seen oiling Frank’s door. This shows her determination and that she follows through her word, does what she says she will. Russell uses stage directions to show Rita’s energy, ‘the door bursts open and Rita flies in.’ The words ‘flies’ and ‘burst’ convey bubbly, lively movements and therefore her energetic character. At the start of this play Frank is a stereotypical upper-middle-class man. He is apathetic sarcastic and relatively independent. Frank uses Standard English and Received Pronunciation, showing his high class and good  education. He asks ‘pardon?’ instead of ‘what?’ and explains that the Open University is ‘supposed to embrace a more comprehensive studentship.’ Frank is not dependant on anyone, but he drinks a lot and I think that he relies on alcohol a great deal. Therefore I would not say he is totally independent. Frank is very sarcastic and quick witted. He uses his sarcasm as a defence mechanism, or to make a point. He doesn’t use it nastily or to hurt anyone. ‘I sometimes get an urge to throw something through it†¦a student usually.’ This shows him using sarcasm for humour but it also shows his disinterested, lazy attitude to life. Frank is bored of his life but, unlike Rita, he cannot be bothered to change it. He finds himself dull and tells Rita that she is ‘the first breath of air that’s been in this room for years.’ He does not want Rita as a student as he sees her as a lot of work, this shows his lazy attitude. However, the audience could also see this as a selfless and considerate moment. He does not want to take Rita on as a student as he does not think he is capable of teaching her. Frank is extremely clever and refers to high culture, such as ‘T.S Elliot’ and ‘Yeats’, showing his high education and understanding. At the start of the play Frank is bored, funny, sarcastic, clever and shrewd. Frank and Rita get to know each other well and are very close, at the beginning of the play. They flirt and compliment each other, ‘he doesn’t half get on my tits/Frank: Good. You’ll have to show me some evidence/Rita: Y’ dirty sod.’ And ‘Right now there’s a thousand things I’d rather do than teach, most of them with you my dear.’ They trust one another and show this through discussion of their personal issues, ‘I live with a girl. Ex-student. She’s very caring, very tolerant, admires me tremendously and spends a great deal of time putting her head in the oven.’ They then go on to discuss Julia and Franks relationship. Their ability to talk freely to each other shows that they are at ease in each  other’s company, relaxed and confident around one another. Nevertheless, their relationship is not always easy. It is hampered by their different frames of reference. At one point Frank thinks Rita is joking about T.S Elliot the poet, when in fact she is referring to Elliot Ness, ‘y’ know, the famous Chicago copper who caught Al Capone.’ At another point Rita is calling Frank a ‘Flora man’ from the advert for the butter: flora. Frank assumes she means flora as in flowers. However, Frank and Rita have a mutual understanding of each other, which helps them work through and get beyond their misunderstandings. Their differences intrigue and fascinate one another. This helps keep their relationship alive and fresh. In the middle of the play we see dramatic changes in Rita. Right at the beginning of ‘Act 2’ Russell indicates a change by Rita entering wearing ‘new second hand clothes.’ Rita is at a very difficult point in her change. She has come so far and cannot go back to where she used to be, but she is finding it difficult to carry on, she is half way and stuck in between two worlds. Rita chooses to persevere. Rita has much more confidence and is using humour to hide behind less. She is more educated and has been influenced by lots of people over the summer. Her confidence shows when she tells Frank about summer school. She explains how she asked a question even though everyone was looking at her and ‘two thousand people had seen me stand up.’ She then goes on to say, ‘after that I was askin’ questions all week.’ Before summer school Rita wouldn’t have dared do something like that. As well as her confidence improving she is now using more Standard English, although still using colloquial language. Summer has had some less positive effects on Rita, too. She has been very influenced by Trish and although she has now got a better understanding of literature she still does not have her own views. She has merely swapped Frank’s opinions for Trish’s opinions. Frank comes back from holiday even more fed-up with life than before. Rita asks him what France was like, marvelling at the opportunity to go abroad. Frank gives an uninterested answer of ‘well – it was rather hot.’ He is very dismissive, taking for granted the occasion of going abroad and his answer is slightly hostile and cold. He seems to be more apathetic and very low, not recognising that he has got so much going for him. ‘it is indeed because I have got so much going for me that I do it†¦I need the drink to help me step delicately through life.’ This comment shows that he is still using sarcasm, it shows his sad view on his life and he tells us that he ‘needs’ drink. This informs us that he has become very reliant on drink. He is worse than he was before, turning up to lectures drunk and not taking anything seriously. He does not even bother to hide the drink anymore. He carries it, in his briefcase, to lectures. The briefcase symbolises work, so to carry alcohol in it shows just how little he cares. Frank now chooses to ignore his education; †Rubyfruit Jungle† is excellent.’ He is reverting to how Rita was. Whereas, Rita now has a view, shows her understanding and expresses it formally. They have echoed each other. Frank’s language has also changed. He is reiterating phrases from Rita, ‘completely off me cake,’ and he has picked up some of her slang. He is still sarcastic, but sometimes in a hostile, jeering way, like when he shouts names at Rita ‘Charlotte? Or Jane? Or Emily?’ At the mid-point in the play Frank is hopeless, he challenges Rita saying ‘and we’ll all live happily ever after?’ Saying this squashes dreams, is sarcastic and apathetic and takes a completely pessimistic outlook on life,  his decline is continuous. Their relationship dwindles when they meet again after summer. The changes in Rita have a big role to play in the downward spiral of their relationship. Rita is becoming more independent, She needs Frank less, he begrudges her this and it causes tension. ‘Don’t y’ like me now that the little girl’s grown up, now that y’ can no longer bounce me on daddy’s knee an’ watch me stare back in wide eyed wonder at everything he has to say?’ They understand each other less and know little about each other’s lives. ‘It struck me there was a time you told me everything,’ Frank is wistful and shows a sense of longing. He feels Rita slipping away, ‘I can’t bear you anymore,’ he tells her, ‘you don’t have to put in a visit out of sentimentality.’ They no longer have a close relationship and Frank misses and feels bitter about that. They become increasingly resentful towards each other. Frank start to get jealous and resentful of Trish, this feeling fuels further conflict. ‘Will you kindly tell Trish that I am not giving a tutorial to a Dalek.’ This remark shows coldness in their relationship, the warmth, flirting and friendly banter has gone. At the end of the play Rita has more choices than before, she is educated, confident and able to think for herself. Rita is undecided what the next step in her life should be, but she now has a choice and this is what she set out for: to be able to choose. ‘I might go to France. I might go to my mother’s. I might even have a baby. I dunno. I’ll make a decision, I’ll choose. I dunno.’ She is educated now and has passed her exam. Arguably more important is that she is no wise. She can think for herself, think logically and develop her own opinions. ‘You woulda loved it if I’d written Frank knows all the answers across me paper, wouldn’t y’?’ However, Rita did not and this shows  her education and thinking skills. She uses Standard English more now, such as ‘scholarly neckline.’ Again showing her education. Rita is no longer hiding behind humour, but she is genuinely confident and still funny. Probably the biggest change in Rita from beginning to end is that she now understands Frank’s views and realises he was and is on her side. ‘She places a Christmas card with the others already there.’ The card is a token of friendship and signifies her realisation that what she had was not all that valuable. Her realisation shows how she has matured, changed her way of thinking and now feels more kindly for Frank. Frank is now sober and hints that he will make a change in his life. There is now some optimism. He is trying to think well of his move to Australia, ‘things are just beginning there’ this implies he will take this as an opportunity to start fresh, ‘it’d be good for us to leave a place that’s just finishing for one that’s just beginning.’ Frank accepts the changes in Rita and shows his thoughtful side when he gives her the dress. He also has a realistic moment and says, ‘I was rather pissed when I bought it.’ He is not pretending to be a reformed character and he is reminding the audience of his drinking and old habits. Frank is now using Standard English again, ‘metaphorically. And as it was metaphorically the sentence was reduced from the sack to two years in Australia.’ He is still humorous, ‘Forsters lager they call it,’ and is sarcasm is still there, but it is no longer hostile. Although Frank is in a worse position than at the start of the play there is hint of improvement and a better life. Rita’s response to Trish’s suicide and Frank’s realisation of the need to change has resulted in a greater mutual understanding and a friendlier relationship. ‘I knew how much it had come to mean to you.’ Frank did not like Rita in the middle of the play but understands why she was like that. They both accept the changes in each other. Rita now appreciates all the help Frank gave her, ‘ I came to tell you you’re a good teacher.’ Frank realises her learnt a lot from Rita, too, ‘all I’ve ever done is taken from you. I’ve never given anything/Frank: that’s not true. You’ve†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ They understand that they have got to go their separate ways now, and move their lives on, but they part on good terms. Rita begins as a stereotypical working-class girl, with a poor education, who hid behind humour. She goes through a series of changes and ends the play as a confident, wise, educated young lady, ready to make her own choices and get on with her life. Frank begin as a upper-middle-class man, he was very sarcastic, had a poor attitude towards life and relied on drink. As the book progressed he developed a serious drinking problem, became more and more apathetic and finally reached a point where he was on the verge of being sack. He eventually starts to get things into perspective and hints at a brighter future. The relationship between Rita and Frank began well, they complimented and trusted one another. They drifted apart and argued in the middle, but reconciled their relationship and parted on good terms. I think the main change in Rita was that she started with no choices, she had a hunger for more and great determination, which resulted in her gaining the ability to choose, and to choose wisely. I think this change in Rita was conveyed very well because as the story progresses we saw her make many decisions along the way. We saw how the choices she had to make got bigger  and bigger and how her ability to deal with the choices got better and better. The book finished with her thinking about the biggest choice; whether to have a baby or not. I think Frank’s character was portrayed well via his language and through his drinking habits. I really enjoyed the book and thought Russell kept me interested by adding new details along the way, we learnt more about the character’s private lives as the story continued and this was an added interest. I think that the book had a good ending, as it was realistic. It showed how what they had done throughout the book and what choices they had made affected their position at the end of the book. This emphasised the theme of choice again.

Fast Moving Consumer Goods Essay

FMCG are products that have a quick shelf turnover, at relatively low-cost and don’t require a lot of thought, time and financial investment to purchase. The margin of profit on every individual FMCG product is less. However the huge number of goods sold is what makes the difference. Hence profit in FMCG goods always translates to number of goods sold. Fast Moving Consumer Goods is a classification that refers to a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products including: toiletries, soaps, cosmetics, teeth cleaning products, shaving products, detergents, other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products and plastic goods, such as buckets. ‘Fast Moving’ is in opposition to consumer durables such as kitchen appliances that are generally replaced less than once a year. The category may include pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics and packaged food products and drinks, although these are often categorized separately. The term Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) is used interchangeably with Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Three of the largest and best known examples of Fast Moving Consumer Goods companies are Nestlà ©, Unilever and Procter & Gamble. Examples of FMCGs are soft drinks, tissue paper, and chocolate bars. Examples of FMCG brands are Coca-Cola, Kleenex, Pepsi and Believe. The FMCG sector represents consumer goods required for daily or frequent use. The main segments of this sector are personal care (oral care, hair care, soaps, cosmetics, toiletries), household care (fabric wash and household cleaners), branded and packaged food, beverages (health beverages, soft drinks, staples, cereals, dairy products, chocolates, bakery products) and tobacco. The Indian FMCG sector is an important contributor to the country’s GDP. It is the fourth largest sector in the economy and is responsible for  5% of the total factory employment in India. The industry also creates employment for 3 people in downstream activities, much of which is disbursed in small towns and rural India. This industry has witnessed strong growth in the past decade. This has been due to liberalization, urbanization, increase in the disposable incomes and altered lifestyle. Furthermore, the boom has also been fuelled by the reduction in excise duties, de-reservation from the small-scale sector and the concerted efforts of personal care companies to attract the burgeoning affluent segment in the middle-class through product and packaging innovations. Unlike the perception that the FMCG sector is a producer of luxury items targeted at the elite, in reality, the sector meets the everyday needs of the masses. The lower-middle income group accounts for over 60% of the sector’s sales. Rural markets account for 56% of the total domestic FMCG demand. Many of the global FMCG majors have been present in the country for many decades. But in the last ten yea rs, many of the smaller rung Indian FMCG companies have gained in scale. As a result, the unorganized and regional players have witnessed erosion in market share. History of FMCG in India In India, companies like ITC, HLL, Colgate, Cadbury and Nestle have been a dominant force in the FMCG sector well supported by relatively less competition and high entry barriers (import duty was high). These companies were, therefore, able to charge a premium for their products. In this context, the margins were also on the higher side. With the gradual opening up of the economy over the last decade, FMCG companies have been forced to fight for a market share. In the process, margins have been compromised, more so in the last six years (FMCG sector witnessed decline in demand). Current Scenario The growth potential for FMCG companies looks promising over the long term horizon, as the per-capita consumption of almost all products in the country is amongst the lowest in the world. As per the Consumer Survey by KSAT echnopak, of the total consumption expenditure, almost 40% and 8% was accounted by groceries and personal care products respectively. Rapid  urbanization, increased literacy and rising per capita income are the key growth drivers for the sector. Around 45% of the population in India is below 20 years of age and the proportion of the young population is expected to increase in the next five years. Aspiration levels in this age group have been fuelled by greater media exposure, unleashing a latent demand with more money and anew mindset. In this backdrop, industry estimates suggest that the industry could triple in value by 2015 (by some estimates, the industry could double in size by2010). In our view, testing times for the FMCG sector are over and driving rural penetration will be the key going forward. Due to infrastructure constraints (this influences the cost-effectiveness of the supply chain), companies were unable to grow faster. Although companies like HLL and ITC have dedicated initiatives targeted at the rural market, these are still at a relatively nascent stage. The bottlenecks of the conventional distribution system are likely to be removed once organized retailing gains in scale. Currently, organized retailing accounts for just 3% of total retail sales and is likely to touch 10% over the next 3-5years. In our view, organized retailing results in discounted prices, forced-buying by offering many choices and also opens up new avenues for growth for the FMCG sector. Given the aggressive expansion plans of players like Pantaloons, Trent ,Shopper’s Stop and Shoprite, we are confident that the FMCG sector has a bright future. Budget Measures to Promote FMCG Sector 2% education cess corporation tax, excise duties and custom duties Concessional rate of 5% custom duty on tea and coffee plantation machinery Budget Impact The education cess will add marginally to the tax burden of all FMCG companies The dividend distribution tax on debt funds is likely to adversely affect the other income components of companies like Britannia, Nestle and HLL The measure to abolish excise duty on dairy machinery is a positive for companies like Nestle Concessional rate for tea and coffee plantation machinery is a positive for Tata Tea, HLL, Tata Coffee and other such companies Top Ten Players in FMCG Sector Companies:- 1. Hindustan Unilever Ltd. 2. ITC (Indian Tobacco Company) 3. Nestlà © India 4. GCMMF (AMUL) 5. Dabur India 6. Asian Paints (India) 7. Cadbury India 8. Britannia Industries 9. Marico Industries 10. Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care In order to carry out any research investigation there is a need of a Systematic method and to adopt a well-defined procedure for each and every research there is also a need of methodology. Methodology of any research constitutes the selection of representative sample of the universe or the general population, application of the appropriate research tools and the techniques. There is an old saying in Spain â€Å"TO BE A BULLFIGHTER YOU MUST LEARN TO BE BULL† means you never really understand a Person until you consider things from his point of view . In the same way to meet and satisfy the target customer the study of customers behavior of crucial important because he is king. Customer behavior studies , how individuals , groups and organizations selected buy use and dispose of goods , services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and Desires. According to JAMES F. FUGAL, â€Å"Customers behavior consists of the acts of individuals in obtain and using goods and services including the decision process that precede and determine these acts. The research involves the following steps:- 1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:- If the problem is clearly defined, it is half solved .The problem/Objective here to assess the scope of rural marketing for FMCG sector. 2 – COLLECT THE INFORMATION:- The information is collected from secondary sources-websites, magazines, newspapers, and magazines. 3- ANLAYZE THE INFORMATION:- The next step in the marketing research process is to exact Findings from the collected data. 4-PRESENT THE FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS:- As the last step, the findings and conclusion of whole Research are presented in the end. ANALYSIS OF FMCG MARKET The research report offers insights into the dynamics of growth in a competitive market environment. The salient features of development the survey have identified include:- The improvement has been much more pronounced in volume terms than in value terms for most of the products. One of the greatest achievements made by the FMCG industry has been the ‘sachet’ bugs which have helped the companies to introduce products in smaller package sizes, at lower price points and reach new users and to expand market share for value added products in urban India. Several cost saving measures, various tax benefits, rising demand, good monsoon have helped the industry to achieve positive growth. Most of the multinational companies have started sourcing their products from India. HLL has become the production center in respect of personal consumer products like oral care, skin care products, soap, detergents globally for Unilever. There  has been a trend from shift to own manufacturing from third party manufacturing or procuring goods from third party small-scale manufacturers. Though the companies are going global, they are focusing on the overseas markets like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Middle East and CiS countries because of the lifestyles, consumption habits similar to India. Godrej Consumer, Marico, Dabur, Vicco laboratories are among the companies. The offshoots and mushrooming of regional companies which are posing a threat to bigger FMCG companies like HLL. The rise of Jyothi Laboratories, throwing challenge to Reckitt Benckiser is a case in point. FMCG market remains highly fragmented with almost half of the market representing unbranded, unpackaged home made products. This presents a tremendous opportunity for makers of branded products who can convert consumers to branded products. There is competition between the organized and the unorganized sectors in the FMCG sector. Marketing and distribution are very important in FMCG companies. New products require a large investment in product development, market research, and awareness campaign, developing franchise for a new brand advertisements, free samples and product promotions. All these developments have made the consumers strong, who are in a position now to choose a variety of products, from a number of companies, at different price points. Bargaining power of customers is high. Key factors to success are distribution (in rural markets) and advertising (in urban markets). Critical factors for success are the ability to build, develop and maintain a robust distribution network. The fact that a lot of women have started looking for specialized products has driven growth. Post liberalization period provided the consumers the opportunity to make choices amongst the products of domestic companies and imported products

Practical Tips and Prompts on How to Write Ethics Essay

Practical Tips and Prompts on How to Write Ethics Essay Ethics in every society is significant as it helps shape people’s behaviors. The ethics concept has been in use since the beginning of human civilization and has been used as a mechanism for preserving peace and promoting positive cohabitation among the members of society. Unlike the written law that governs people’s conduct on the basis of stipulated do’s and don’ts, ethics is a self-governing concept that keeps the society at equilibrium. In this case, ethics governs areas where laws are unavailable. Professors assign ethics essays to students to evaluate their ability to describe, illustrate, apply, and criticize concepts relating to ethics as a branch of philosophy. Ethics studies entail defending, systematizing, and recommending concepts regarding right and wrong conduct. Moreover, the ethics essay writing assignments help students not only to understand the factors that influence right and wrong decisions but also improve writing skills and analytica l abilities. When your ethics professor asks you to write an ethics essay, they are simply asking you to consider: Your understanding of the ethics philosophy field of study; Your ability to choose and explore appropriate and current ethics topics; Your ability to explore theoretical concepts in ethics and relate them to issues in real life; Your ability to draw conclusions on issues relating to ethics and morality. When drafting and compiling your essay on ethics, consider the above factors as they will help you write high-quality essays that not only help you refine your writing skills but also meet your professor and course requirements. The ethics essay writing guide below provides practical tips that will help with your writing process. Pre-Writing Tips Writing an ethics essay is a process that involves more than just drafting and compiling a write-up. Most students have a tendency to hold off essay assignments until the last minute. Understanding that essay writing is a process should guide you in altering your perceptions and expectations regarding the research and writing process. Writing a stellar ethics essay involves numerous steps ranging from topic selection to researching, and creating an outline. Prewriting tips refer to the processes you should engage in before compiling the first draft of the essay. The pre-writing steps are listed below. Topic selection. Topic selection is one of the most important aspects of essay writing regardless of the area of study. If your professor does not provide you with an ethics essay topic, you can write on, conduct preliminary research on various ethics topics, whether on philosophy or sociology before settling on one topic. Moreover, select a variety of topics you are familiar with and those with readily available information. Brainstorming. Brainstorming involves thinking about the items you are going to write about. You should seek answers to the following questions as a way of brainstorming: What questions will I answer in the ethics essay and each paragraph? How best can I respond to the questions? What facts and supporting arguments can I use to support my claims? Do I need more facts about the chosen ethics topic? At this point, note down any ideas that cross your mind to help you structure concepts concerning issues pertaining to topics in ethics. Gather facts. Gathering facts entails conducting research immediately after brainstorming. During this phase, search and write down facts that will help you answer the questions listed above. Ensure the facts you gather and those you intend to use are related to the questions you are going to answer in each paragraph. Information gathering should be purposeful and should focus on the theme of your chosen ethics field of study. Note taking. Once you have gathered enough content on the subject matter, you should take notes. The note-taking process should accompany the researching process to lay down the essential elements of your topic. It also helps you save time when you’re writing your essay. Make an outline. Now that you are equipped with an overall idea of your essay topic, the content you will incorporate in the essay, and the idea of what information to write each paragraph on, make an outline of what content should be written in the introduction section, the body, and the conclusion. The outline should provide a platform for developing the essay theme. Moreover, outlining the points structures your ideas into concrete pieces of information that can be written for informative purposes. Working On Your Ethics Essay Topic: A Few Ideas from Our Top Writers Often, professors assign students a common topic in the respective ethics area of study. Consequently, the chances are that your professor has selected and assigned you the topic for your ethics essay. If this is the case, you can skip this part and go to other sections of the guide. However, the articulated ethics essay writing tips may help you with other essays that you will encounter in the course of your studies. Additionally, the lecturer may present several topics from which you are required to select a topic for your ethics essay. If this is the case, choose a topic you are conversant with and the one with adequate and readily available information. Regardless of whether you are selecting a topic from a list or whether you are required to identify an issue, you will study, you need to analyze the general outline of the chosen subject matter to understand whether the topic requires you to analyze, apply, or evaluate a certain aspect of ethics. Topic selection provides you with skills and necessary flexibility to choose topics that interest and challenge your abilities. Follow the next steps to help you with the topic selection process. Define your essay objective. The purpose of your intended essay is the first guide that provides you with a direction for drafting an essay. Therefore, think and analyze the purpose of your essay before settling on a particular type. In other words, explore whether your essay should be informative, persuasive, evaluative, or based on the application of concepts. Brainstorm topics of interest. After defining the objective of your essay, write down several topics in the field of ethics. In case you face problems coming up with suitable topics, seek advice from your professor or your peers on suitable ethics topics. However, the chosen topic should interest you and be in line with the lecturer’s expectations. Evaluate the potential topics. Evaluate each potential topic individually and assess which fits your intended purpose, intended scope, availability of resources, and your ability to tackle it. The examples below provide you with an overview of ethics essay topics: Should Violent Criminals Be Executed or Incarcerated when the Likelihood of Rehabilitation Is Low? Should Prostitution Be Legalized as a Form of Trade? Should the Right to Die Be Protected by Law? Is It Immoral to Consume the Flesh of Other Creatures? Is It Ethical to Limit Population Growth to a Level that the Planet Can Maintain Sustainably? The Main Terms that Define Urban Studies Essays Your professor can ask you to write essays in ethics for analysis, application, or evaluation of ethical practices that guide human behavior and conduct in a society, as well as the judgment of certain behaviors, either right or wrong. Analysis. The analysis in ethic denotes the act of defining concepts into smaller entities to promote understanding of the way different elements constitute an idea. In the ethics analysis essays, think about each element of the chosen topic and how it contributes to the success of the entire piece. For instance, when analyzing the concept of abortion among teenagers, think about the factors that influence thoughts about abortion, issues that predispose teenagers to early pregnancies, the impacts of abortion on the teenagers and significant kin. In addition, ensure the essay provides statements that can be explained step-by-step. An appropriate ethics essay should answer why and how questions rather than what questions. Application. The lecturer may not ask you to apply concepts directly. However, it is important that you apply concepts in the ethics field of study into practical day occurrences somewhere in your essay. Consequently, you need to understand important terms in ethics, as well as concepts and theories that can be applied in context. Evaluation. When writing evaluation forms of essays, ensure you participate in the research and writing process. You should provide the overall context of your ethics essay and assess the application of specific concepts into different contexts. An evaluative ethics case should provide arguments and counter-arguments, as well as evidence that supports your claim. On the other occasions, the professor may ask you to critique or evaluate case studies of research articles on ethics topics. In such a case, be objective and assess every aspect of the case study or research article. Persuasion. Persuasive essays are written to persuade the target audience to accept a certain point of view or adopt certain practices. In persuasive essays, the write up should be structured in a way that provides supportive evidence that convinces the audience to accept your perspectives. You need to respond to the following questions when writing a persuasive essay on the ethics topics: Do I have the right type of information needed to convince the readers about my position and claims in ethics? What type of statistics, evidence, and facts do I need to present to the target readers? The well-thought answers to the above questions will help you determine the keywords you need to use in the ethics essay. Appropriate Structure for an Ethics Essay Writing An appropriate outline of the ethics essay should have at least the introduction, the main body, and the conclusion. The outline should appear as indicated below: Introduction. The introduction should occupy approximately 10% of the entire essay and explain the way your essay interprets the title, the issues it explores, and the conclusion that you draw from the essay discussion. Moreover, it is important to provide an outline of the essay. In this regard, explain the parts of the essay and the issues it discusses. Both the purpose statement and the thesis statement should form the last element of the introduction and provide accurate information concerning the essay’s content and arguments. Body. The body of the essay should take up to 80% of the essay content because it is the main part of the paper. Depending on the ideas and themes you intend to explore in your essay, the number of paragraphs may vary from three to four. However, the length of the essay helps in determining the number of paragraphs that constitute the body section. For instance, a one-page essay may only accommodate one body paragraph. Regardless of the number of the body paragraphs each should develop and explore the major essay arguments. Each should have a topic sentence and evidence that supports claims made in each topic sentence. Focus on the following elements when writing each essay paragraph. The main discussion point in each paragraph; The arguments that need to be provided within each paragraph; The type of evidence required to support the claims made and its implication; The paragraph’s ability to link the essay topic and essay title. Conclusion. Similar to the introduction, the last part of the ethics essay should comprise approximately 10% of the essay. At this point, you should restate your thesis statement, summarize the essay, describe why your essay is significant, and make recommendations where necessary. Do not introduce new points and arguments in the conclusion section. However, you can provide an action plan where possible. The recommendations can be a stand-alone text or form part of the conclusion. Post-Writing Tips Proofreading and referencing constitute the most important tips in ensuring your essay is appropriate and suitable to attain a high grade. Proofreading is equivalent to reviewing your essay to ensure it is free of grammar, sentence structure, and tense mistakes among other errors that occur during the writing process. The content should be coherent. This implies that proofreading should involve reading through the text to ensure the sentences and ideas make sense and are clear. The proofreading should not begin immediately after writing the final draft of the essay; rather, take a break to enhance your objectivity.

Free Essays on Asian Parents Vs. The Asian American Child

Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† and Janice Mirikitani’s â€Å"Suicide Note† are two literary pieces dealing with Asian American daughters and expectations their Asian parents hold. In â€Å"Two Kinds,† the daughter is an adult looking back on her pressured childhood with her mother. In â€Å"Suicide Note,† the poet, a young college student, who feels it is impossible to please her parents. Although the two works are similar, Tan uses characterization and symbolism to comment on the impact of the daughter’s relationship with her parents, while Mirikitani uses symbolism and voice to convey her message. Amy Tan uses characterization very strongly in the short story â€Å"Two Kinds† for the daughter, Jing Mei. Characterization is used as a literary element through actions, dialogue, and the relationship with others to assist in building Jing Mei’s strong character. Jing-Mei’s mother is a determined Chinese immigrant with high ambitions for her daughter but little practical idea of how they can be achieved. Her mother is motivated by both her haunting past and her hopes for the future. This is seen is the opening paragraph of the story as Tan states, â€Å"America was where all my mother’s hopes lay. She had come to San Francisco in 1949 after losing everything in China†(320). Having come from a traditional Chinese culture, Jing-mei’s mother expects certain behavior of her daughter, such as obedience, respect for her parents, and gratitude for their sacrifices made on her behalf. But she is raising this daughter in America, and Jing-Mei is influenced by many factors that are in conflict with those traditional Chinese values. Her mother wants American success for her daughter, but she wants it on Chinese terms. In characterizing Jing-Mei, Tan allows the reader a number of glimpses into the duality of human nature. Jing-Mei is neither fully Chinese nor fully American, but a blend of both. She is torn between the influences of these... Free Essays on Asian Parents Vs. The Asian American Child Free Essays on Asian Parents Vs. The Asian American Child Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† and Janice Mirikitani’s â€Å"Suicide Note† are two literary pieces dealing with Asian American daughters and expectations their Asian parents hold. In â€Å"Two Kinds,† the daughter is an adult looking back on her pressured childhood with her mother. In â€Å"Suicide Note,† the poet, a young college student, who feels it is impossible to please her parents. Although the two works are similar, Tan uses characterization and symbolism to comment on the impact of the daughter’s relationship with her parents, while Mirikitani uses symbolism and voice to convey her message. Amy Tan uses characterization very strongly in the short story â€Å"Two Kinds† for the daughter, Jing Mei. Characterization is used as a literary element through actions, dialogue, and the relationship with others to assist in building Jing Mei’s strong character. Jing-Mei’s mother is a determined Chinese immigrant with high ambitions for her daughter but little practical idea of how they can be achieved. Her mother is motivated by both her haunting past and her hopes for the future. This is seen is the opening paragraph of the story as Tan states, â€Å"America was where all my mother’s hopes lay. She had come to San Francisco in 1949 after losing everything in China†(320). Having come from a traditional Chinese culture, Jing-mei’s mother expects certain behavior of her daughter, such as obedience, respect for her parents, and gratitude for their sacrifices made on her behalf. But she is raising this daughter in America, and Jing-Mei is influenced by many factors that are in conflict with those traditional Chinese values. Her mother wants American success for her daughter, but she wants it on Chinese terms. In characterizing Jing-Mei, Tan allows the reader a number of glimpses into the duality of human nature. Jing-Mei is neither fully Chinese nor fully American, but a blend of both. She is torn between the influences of these...

Your Complete College Application Timeline

Your Complete College Application Timeline SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For many students and their parents, the college application process is a source of tremendous anxiety. Fear not. If you familiarize yourself with this process and devote enough time to it, I’m confident that you’ll be able to make it through unscathed and end up at a quality college. In this article, I’ll take you through the complete college application timeline, detailing what you should be doing at each point in your high school career to ensure that you can submit exceptional college applications. Overview of the College Application Process If you want to successfully complete the college application process and make yourself as competitive for college admission as possible, you will be directly or indirectly working on your college application well before your applications are due.In fact, if you have any intention of applying to selective colleges, this process can really begin as early as your freshman year. The major components of your application that will be evaluated are your transcript, your standardized test scores, your recommendations, your personal essay, and your extracurricular activities. In this article, I’ll walk you through an ideal college planningtimeline to ensure that you’re able to have every aspect of your final application be as strong as possible. Freshman and Sophomore Years While you don’t have to seriously think about what colleges you want to apply to before your junior year, your first two years of high school will influence the quality of your college application. Even though there are a fewcolleges including University of California schools that won’t consider your freshman grades, your sophomore grades will definitely factor into your high school GPA and help determine whether you’re accepted to the college of your choice. Pay attention to what classes you take.Selective colleges want to see that you’ve excelled in rigorous classes throughout your high school years.Some high schools are hesitant to allow students to take honors or AP classes in their junior years if they haven’t taken advanced classes in their first two years of high school. Furthermore, colleges are concerned with how many years you’ve taken core subjects (math, English, science, history, and foreign language).If you don’t take a foreign language or history class in your freshman or sophomore year, you’ll be a less competitive applicant. Also, make sure you’re involved in extracurricular activities. Colleges like to see that you've committed yourself to your extracurriculars. The student who has excelled in the same extracurricular activity throughout high school is a more impressive applicant than the student who first starts doing an extracurricular in his junior year. Start studying for the SAT/ACT.Generally, you should start studying for the SAT/ACT in your sophomore year or the summer before your junior year.We recommend that you take the SAT/ACT for the first time in the fall of your junior year. Start studying early to prepare yourself thoroughly. Calsidyrose/Flickr Fall of Junior Year In the fall of your junior year, you should take the SAT or ACT for the first time. Also, start researching colleges.You don’t need to finalize your list of schools at this point, but if you identify colleges you’re interested in, you’ll have a better sense of what you need to do to make yourself competitive for admission. Additionally, you’ll be able to determine your target score for the SAT or ACT. Then, you can decide if you need to retake your SAT/ACT, and you can figure out how to improve your score, if need be. Spring of Junior Year In the spring of your junior year, you should make a preliminary list of colleges you want to apply to.Use college finders, college search websites, and ranking lists to help you.Having this list will give you ample time to complete all your application requirements and ensure that you can reach your target scores on your standardized tests.Divide your list into reach, target, and safetyschools. If necessary, retake your SAT or ACT.Ideally, you’ll achieve your target score this time around. Again, make sure you’re prepared. Also, if you’re considering applying to any schools that recommend or require SAT Subject Tests, I advise you to take them in the spring of your junior year. Read our SAT Subject Test articles to figure out your target scores, help decide which ones to take, and for assistance in preparing. Finally, you should ask teachers if they’re willing to write recommendation letters for you.If you ask them early, your teachers will have more time to think about them, and you may get better recommendations. Keep in mind that many teachers will be bombarded by students asking for recommendations during your senior year. Summer Before Senior Year In the summer before your senior year, try to finalize your list of colleges.Make sure you’re familiar with the application requirements for each school. If you still need to take the SAT or ACT to reach your target score, do some intense studying over the summer. Also, start thinking about and preparing for your college application essays.Come up with ideas and write first drafts. The more you do over the summer, the less you'll have to worry about during the school year. Fall of Senior Year Most likely, the fall of your senior year will be rather busy. In the fall, you have to make sure your college applications are ready. Formally ask for recommendations early in the semester.Don’t wait until one week before your application deadlines to ask. Teachers who are too busy or inundated with recommendation requests may decline to write your lettersor will be unable to write you a good recommendation at the last minute. Polish your college essays.College essays take much more time than you think. Even though the essay isn’t that long, writing a great college essay can be time-consuming. Write multiple drafts, and if possible, allow your teachers and counselors to review your essays and offer advice. For years, I spent many hours helping procrastinating students revise college essays the night before their applications were due. I'm having painful flashbacks. Let's proceed. Typically, early decision and early action applications are due by November 15.If you apply early, the Oct. or Nov. SAT/ACT will most likely be your last chance to take the test.Early applicants are usually notified by early December regarding admissions decisions. For most colleges, regular decision application deadlines are January 1st, but some popular colleges have earlier deadlines.For example, the deadline for University of California applications is the end of November. Be aware of the deadlines for all the schools on your list. Make sure that you have submitted all necessary applications, forms, and score reports.Make a checklist for each school of what you need to submit. Luckily, your life may be easier because more colleges are using the Common Application. If you still need to take the SAT/ACT, do some quality studying and take the test in time so you can get your scores to the colleges.For most schools, the December tests will be your last opportunity, but a few colleges will allow you to submit scores from January or February. If you need financial aid, begin working on the financial aid process.Each college has its own financial aid requirements. Check the school’s website and financial aid office for requirements and deadlines for financial aid.If you want to be eligible for financial aid, make sure you complete the FAFSA.Become knowledgeable about financial aid and explore all your options to pay for college. Spring of Senior Year You'll hear about your regular decision applications by late March or early April. Hopefully, you'll be accepted by multiple colleges. Continue researching the colleges that accept you to choose the college that will be best for you.If you applied for financial aid, the colleges that accepted you will give you their financial aid offers shortly after they accept you. You can use the financial aid packages to determine how much you’ll have to pay for each school and factor that into your college decision.Typically, you have to decide which school you’ll attend by May 1. Special Message to the Procrastinators The college application timeline I’ve given you is ideal for maximizing the quality of your application and minimizing stress.Admittedly, many students don’t begin thinking about the college application process until the fall of their senior year. Some of these students are still able to successfully complete all of their applications and attend the college of their dreams. However, I think every student benefits from sticking to the college timeline I laid out.I know students who were unable to submit applications on time because they waited too long to start writing their essays. I know students who severely limited their college options because they didn’t do enough college research. Also, the majority of students I’ve worked with could have done better on their standardized tests if they had given themselves more time to study. Furthermore, you’ll be busy with school and extracurricular activities during your senior year. If you don’t start contemplating the application process until the fall of your senior year, you’re likely to feel overwhelmed given all of your other responsibilities. If you devote more time to this process earlier, it will be easier and you'll be more likely to accomplish your goals. What's Next? Do you need more information to successfully stick to this college application timeline? We've got tons of other guides and resources to help you plan. If you're struggling to find extracurricular activities, learn about the 3 best extracurricular activities for your college application. Are you starting to work on your college essay? Make sure you know how to write a great college essay. Finally, to help you stay on track, review the important college application deadlines you can't miss. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Women Community Organizers often Engage Popular Struggles on More Than Research Paper - 1

Women Community Organizers often Engage Popular Struggles on More Than One Front - Research Paper Example Communities to not form by themselves, but they are organized so that a strong relationship is built among the participants. This process of building a community and sustaining it throughout the period is called ‘community organizing’ and the process involves not only building a network of individuals, but also the identification of goals and action towards those specific goals. According to Snow, et al (1986), the process of community organization can mean the entire process of organizing individuals, sorting out the relationships, identification of goals and paths, mobilization of individuals and maintenance of a strong network. Until sometime back, community organizing was not a very popular subject with the scholars (Davis, 1981). Therefore, very little is known about the origin of the theories of community management and whether, the theories of social movements can be applied to the way in which community organization works (Stoecker, 1993). To this caveat of liter ature of social movements and community organization, there is also the lack of awareness of what roles that gender discourses play in these communities. Only in the past decades, gender has received a high consideration (Robnett l996), Gender, which can be considered to be a social product of any interaction is also redefined and reconstructed through any social movement or community organization. With any community organization or social movement, the differences and inequalities in terms of gender equations come out more strongly. According to Brandwein (1987), gender has an effect on the way in which problems are identified and choices are made. For example, in a community or social movement, the responsibilities that individuals have outside of the movement are not taken into account (Stoecker, 1992) and when it is taken into account, the way in which women are involved gets restricted. In the New York Tenants movement, the role of women was confined to the most basic of activi ties, where as men were involved in complex issues. (Lawson and Barton, 1980). Therefore, the community organization work contributed by women during social movement gets ignored. Robnett (1996) has challenged the narrations and accounts of movements that have ignores and neglected the role of women activists. Barnett (1993) has challenged the research related to social movement and community management that projects the spokesperson of the movement while ignore the workers who work at grass root, who are often women. Therefore, even though there is a very high involvement of women organizers in the field of community organization, the image and projection always comes out to be that of a male dominated effort. Even though these movements talk about democracy in participation, the actual way in which these movements are projected and carried out do not practice this democracy in terms of gender equations. According to Weil (1986), the strategies get influenced on ‘macho powerà ¢â‚¬â„¢ and zero-sum competitiveness. As a result of this approach, the challenges that women face in participation in these movements is not confined to the direct engagement in these movements and they face challenges at multiple levels. Apart from contributing to these movements, there is lack of visibility, pressure to take up more grass root level or administrative challenges, making sure that other responsibilities such as child care and home management happens smoothly. This study takes a detailed look at the way in which women community organizers engage in popular struggles in more than one front. For any woman who participates in these community organiz

Topic Development of an Integrated Marketing Communication Mix Essay

Topic Development of an Integrated Marketing Communication Mix Strategy - Essay Example This report mainly deals how HP would implement its Integrated Marketing Communication mix strategy in Russia and achieve success. HP is well known for its innovation thus applying its innovation strategy HP can lead the Russian IT industry. The report starts with an introduction on IMC, carried on by market and literature review. The research methodology used for this report is primary research; the technique is described broadly in research methodology. The next part is an analysis and discussion on the marketing strategies specifically the IMC strategies that HP should take up in order to build a stand in Russia. The last section of the report states recommendation for HP which would be beneficial for the company when it enters the Russian market. Briefly the report highlights the IMC plan for HP to help it enter the competitive market of Russia. Introduction Integrated marketing communication is an essential tool for the marketers to communicate with their target audience. A mark eting strategy can be defined as a set of conscious decision made by a marketer in order to determine which segment of the society is being offered a particular product, generally the target market and how to penetrate to the chosen target market. The target market can be the existing or the potential customers which the marketer aims to satisfy with its particular product or services (Koekemoer & Bird, 2004, p.1). IMC helps customers in the various stage of buying process as IMC wraps communications around customers which helps it to nurture and develop a good bonding with its customers, a bound of loyalty which protects the marketer from the intense competition. The company chosen for the report is HP an IT giant based in USA. HP is a technology company which has its operation based in 170 countries across the globe. HP has been known for its technology and services and explores on how these technologies can serve customer better and improve ways of addressing its problems and cha llenges so that the company is able to realize their aspiration, possibilities and dreams (HP, 2011). This project aims to develop an effective integrated marketing communication strategy for the company, which is planning to enter the market of Russia. The Russian technologies have grown from simple nothing to a billion dollar industry in less than a two decade (SRAS, 2006). This phenomenal growth has attracted many IT giants and HP one of the leading IT player plans to enter the Russian IT market. Market and Literature Review The concept of IMC has received a considerable coverage, but even though many of its ardent supporters have noted problems in actually translating the concept into reality. According to many survey it has been revealed that a strong commitment exits by both the marketers and advertising agencies (Eagle & Kitchen, n.d). This study will relay on the research information which is mainly gathered from primary and secondary sources which are based on communication theories, integrated marketing communication theory. Introduction IMC is defined as a strategic approach to corporate communication which coordinates the communication made by the companies to present a consistent message to its consumers and public. To address the issue that communication

What Are the Economic Effects of Atlantic City Casino Closing Research Paper

What Are the Economic Effects of Atlantic City Casino Closing - Research Paper Example The major factor contributing towards the closing of casinos in Atlantic City is determined to be plummeting revenues. Numerous factors have been identified that can be attributed to the reducing revenue of the casinos in the city. Few prominent factors are briefly evaluated below. Atlantic City has always been a place of tourist attractions. However, the financial crisis witnessed by the US and the heightened casinos' competition have the dramatic impact on tourists visiting the city. The numbers of tourist visiting the city have been declining, which has negatively influenced the expectations of casinos owners in the city. In addition, the aging casinos in Atlantic City followed by an opening of new casinos in other cities have significantly drawn the attention of tourists towards other cities. One of the major reasons behind increasing competition is that during the financial crisis, many states opened new casinos to increase their tax collection. Notably, intense competition has radically contributed towards the massive fall in gambling revenue of the casinos in Atlantic City. Atlantic City is the home to magnificent and luxurious hotels. Visitors across the world visit Atlantic City and spend their leisure time with their family members and friends. The diminishing number of tourists has increased their operating cost while reducing the overall revenue. The failure of the tourism and gambling industry to respond effectively to the changing trend has forced the hoteliers to close out their hotels and casinos.

Implications of income inequality. Does or should inequality matter Essay

Implications of income inequality. Does or should inequality matter Why or why not - Essay Example The government will get enough funds to run its operations (Chambers, 2008, p. 98). Countries that support inequality experience political stability. Those who do not support this face welfare crisis (Hanushek, 2006). The governments will pay heavy for creating a monetary union without political unions. Thus, it creates instability. It is very hard to have equality of opportunity (Navarro, 2007, p. 100). There will be economic efficiency in the presence of inequality. The poor in society will have an incentive to work hard. Because of the need to be high earners. In an unequal society, there are limited resources. The government will be able to gain resources from the taxes garnered from the rich (Harmon, 2009, p. 19). There is no social justice in equality. The poor will access low standards of living and do not receive social amenities like healthcare. Those with great wealth provide to their people and take the opportunities meant for the little wealthy. Thus, the cause of injustice (Arrow, 1996, p. 12). Some economists believe degree of inequalities is necessary for working of free markets. In a free market, income inequality will be a fact. There is no equal income and the rich will have their say in the markets. The governments of various countries fail in putting up an equal opportunity for all (Barbanel, 2013, p.

Golden Gate Bridge Suicide-Prevention Barrier Essay

Golden Gate Bridge Suicide-Prevention Barrier - Essay Example 37 people died jumping off the bridge in the year 2011. About 100 people are stopped from jumping. People who throw their lives here drown in the deep waters like the flies burn themselves throwing in the glow of light. Technically, this Gate has been hailed as an engineering marvel, and an international landmark that attracts the tourists, but its reputation is otherwise alarming. Aaron Sankin writes, â€Å"The Chronicle estimates that a minimum of 1,218 suicides have taken place on the bridge, a minimum of 19 per year--making it the single most suicide-prone location in the whole United States. Leaping from the bridge to the icy water below is usually fatal; people taking the plunge are killed 98% of the time.† (sfappeal.com †¦)For the sake of maintaining the beauty of the Bridge sacrifice of the precious lives is not the answer. Those who appreciate the engineering skills of the bridge, must exhibit some sensitivity about the number of suicides at the altar of the Brid ge. That the final solution to this problem should remain in limbo looks like a fictional account, but the 2011 suicide figures are the stark reminder to this bone-chilling issue. This is a problem for which the legal luminaries of the country should file a suit in the appropriate legal forums for the gross negligence of the concerned authorities to prevent the loss of human lives. In the absence of a system in place, deaths continue to occur. So, the Federal funding is the next option before the district authorities. At the district level, the authorities make concerted efforts and seek private donations from individuals interested in the installation of the barrier. In the absence of adequate safety barriers, The Golden Gate Bridge has turned out to be a public health hazard. Elaborating this aspect John Bateson writes, â€Å"Do you have a plan for how you’d do it? Do you have a time frame? Have you put any part of your plan into action? Suicide rarely comes in normal conversation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (132) Most of the international tourist spots have suicide barriers. Why deny such a facility to this unique spot? I think that the district authorities must be allocated Federal Funds to the tune of $50 million. This is not a spot of local tourist delight. Tourists from all over America/world visit the bridge and thus it is a revenue-generating source as well. Further, a two-pronged strategy to prevent suicides needs to be formulated to make the entire project more human. Apart from the grant from the Federal level, the local authorities must take certain ancillary measures, for augmenting the resources on a permanent basis, for proper governance and maintenance of the Bridge. 1st Objection to the solution Physical barriers is not the final choice to eliminate all suicides. But they significantly decrease the attempts, as suicide is mostly an impulsive act, and those few minutes which give pause to the mental makeup of the individual attempting suicide will do good to save the precious life.

REFLECTION LEARNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

REFLECTION LEARNING - Essay Example The participants in the activity were my lecturer who acted as the lone examination officer, one elderly patient and I, the learner being examined. I choose this particular topic since many people are currently suffering from diabetes and I would really like to give them an insight of how these injections are administered. I learnt how to perform the operation through my theory classes in school and from observing how professionals in the field performed it. I was at first nervous before I began the operation but on repeatedly watching other professionals perform it and occasionally being involved I have in turn gained confidence. During the course of my practice I have not treated other ailments but have participated in caring for the patients who suffer from them. The activities I have assisted them in include cleaning themselves, feeding some of them and following up on whether they are correctly taking their prescribed medications. At first, I had to observe the patient in question to determine whether his disease symptoms called for the injection. After determining that it was the right thing for me to do, I had to obtain the patients consent to begin the process. I then wore my apron for the purpose of protecting my clothes from any spillages that would accidentally have fallen on my clothes. I washed my hands and positioned my patient on an appropriate chair so that I could effectively start administering the injection. The process involved selecting the most appropriate site to inject and was done once the doctor had also certified that the patient required the injection. The process of injecting the patient began by cleaning up the selected area with a swab of alcohol and ensuring that the needle had no air bubbles. I then inserted the needle at an angle of ninety degrees into the patient’s body. This was done gently to ensure that no unnecessary pains and harm was caused to the elderly patient. I then

Golden Gate Bridge Suicide-Prevention Barrier Essay

Golden Gate Bridge Suicide-Prevention Barrier - Essay Example 37 people died jumping off the bridge in the year 2011. About 100 people are stopped from jumping. People who throw their lives here drown in the deep waters like the flies burn themselves throwing in the glow of light. Technically, this Gate has been hailed as an engineering marvel, and an international landmark that attracts the tourists, but its reputation is otherwise alarming. Aaron Sankin writes, â€Å"The Chronicle estimates that a minimum of 1,218 suicides have taken place on the bridge, a minimum of 19 per year--making it the single most suicide-prone location in the whole United States. Leaping from the bridge to the icy water below is usually fatal; people taking the plunge are killed 98% of the time.† (sfappeal.com †¦)For the sake of maintaining the beauty of the Bridge sacrifice of the precious lives is not the answer. Those who appreciate the engineering skills of the bridge, must exhibit some sensitivity about the number of suicides at the altar of the Brid ge. That the final solution to this problem should remain in limbo looks like a fictional account, but the 2011 suicide figures are the stark reminder to this bone-chilling issue. This is a problem for which the legal luminaries of the country should file a suit in the appropriate legal forums for the gross negligence of the concerned authorities to prevent the loss of human lives. In the absence of a system in place, deaths continue to occur. So, the Federal funding is the next option before the district authorities. At the district level, the authorities make concerted efforts and seek private donations from individuals interested in the installation of the barrier. In the absence of adequate safety barriers, The Golden Gate Bridge has turned out to be a public health hazard. Elaborating this aspect John Bateson writes, â€Å"Do you have a plan for how you’d do it? Do you have a time frame? Have you put any part of your plan into action? Suicide rarely comes in normal conversation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (132) Most of the international tourist spots have suicide barriers. Why deny such a facility to this unique spot? I think that the district authorities must be allocated Federal Funds to the tune of $50 million. This is not a spot of local tourist delight. Tourists from all over America/world visit the bridge and thus it is a revenue-generating source as well. Further, a two-pronged strategy to prevent suicides needs to be formulated to make the entire project more human. Apart from the grant from the Federal level, the local authorities must take certain ancillary measures, for augmenting the resources on a permanent basis, for proper governance and maintenance of the Bridge. 1st Objection to the solution Physical barriers is not the final choice to eliminate all suicides. But they significantly decrease the attempts, as suicide is mostly an impulsive act, and those few minutes which give pause to the mental makeup of the individual attempting suicide will do good to save the precious life.

Issues in Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Issues in Homeland Security - Essay Example Based on the official report of DHS and the research of David Inserra and Steven P. Bucci, border and aviation security, illegal immigration issue, coast-guard revival, ineffective program management and departmental failure, preventing violent domestic extremism, cyber security, and insufficient research and development are the major issues, which are ranked according to the highest priority issues in the homeland security (Webster, 2008, p. 6-15; Bucci & Inserra, 2013). The DHS was formed after the attacks of 9/11 with the main objective of the country’s border and aviation security (Webster, 2008, p. 3). The border and aviation security is crucial for the integrity of the country. Considering the ongoing threat of international and domestic terrorism, enhancement in border and aviation security is the topmost concern for the DHS. Illegal immigration is another issue that is affecting the social and economical stability in the US. Various researches have regularly highlighted the direct link between growing crime rates and increasing number of illegal immigrants in the country (Bucci & Inserra, 2013). Hence, it is second most concerning issues which need to be tackled by implementing policies for current immigration laws enforcement. The necessity of coastguard revival is another priority of the DHS. According to the reports, the rate of coastguard operations has increased due to the growing threats to the US marine security and the necessit y of protecting the state’s interests in adverse conditions, such as in the hurricanes and Arctic (Bucci & Inserra, 2013). Another significant issue in the DHS is its failure to effectively utilize allocated funds and flaws in management system. It is reported that often crucial homeland security funds are invested in low-valued or unnecessary projects such as, zombie apocalypse simulation in California, or underwater robotic devices in Columbus

Building an Ethical Organization Essay Example for Free

Building an Ethical Organization Essay When building an organization the main focus will be to help the public with specific needs. We will have to build the business on ethics and human service laws. The main goal is to help those in need and do this with respect and caring. There are many ways to run an organization and we need to choose the right services to meet the needs in the community we serve. The organization is for the help for people living with Alzheimer’s and the people that love them. We will be there to offer services for the person suffering from the disease and their families. The services offered will be assistance at home, a live in if necessary, counseling for the family, and client, and a residential home. Services include shopping, sitting when a day out might be needed. We will offer a class to help the family understand the disease and its progression, and have group counseling to help them support each other. This is a not for profit organization. Helping people should be top priority over making money. Human services are about helping the people in our communities in need of services. The mission statement: To support and develop programs through education to teach how to live with the daily changes, and to strengthen family ties. We have to let them know they can count on us for understanding and support. This will support the ethical system by keeping the respect and dignity of our clients, supporting them in their time of need, and giving the famil y the support that is needed to face the day-to-day heartache that comes with watching your loved one suffer. The message that this mission statement will put out in the community is we will be there for them. We will not turn them away when the need is there. We have let the community know they can count on us to provide the necessary services to their loved ones, and also help them through a difficult time. Coping with this disease is not an easy thing to do. The services that will be provided will help the families understand  that this does not have to be a burden, and will help them to know that their loved one is getting the necessary care and love to help them in the progression of this disease. Having an ethical leader in the organization will help to have ethical social workers. Having a leader that is respected and trusted in the community will benefit the organization as well as the community and clients. The organization is only as good as its leaders. Our values in the organization will be: Commitment to the public, commitment to superior service and to maintain the publicâ₠¬â„¢s trust, and respect. Having empathy for our clients and their families, dignity and self-worth of all that seek help, and the importance of human relationships. Respecting the diversity of our clients and their families at all times, and we will not discriminate against anyone for any reason. Treating our clients with the dignity and respect that every human being is entitled to is what can be expected when they walk through the door. This helps support the vision that the organization has for its future. To have our clients and their families living with dignity and having control over a terrible disease, to have the community see and know that our clients receive the services to have as happy a life as possible. The staff will be highly trained in the area of Alzheimer’s to assist, and care for our clients, and be there to help the families with all the means available to the organization. We can put all this into action within the organization, and this will benefit the clients and community as well as the employees. We need an ethical leader who can set an example for the employees. The leader will need to always show their leadership with the ethics that we want to have within the organization. This will help teach the employees how to behave and always keep the mission in mind and work toward the vision that the organization has for the community and the clients. Abiding by the ethics laws and the hum an service laws will help with the code of conduct that is expected of all employees in the organization. According to Statement of values and code of ethics for nonprofit and philanthropic organizations (2004) â€Å"going through the process with the board and staff also begins to infuse into the culture of the organization recognition of how important it is to address issues of values and ethics on an ongoing basis†. All the employees need to be involved with the process so they fully understand what is expected of their behavior in the organization every day. When difficult situations arise with clients all  employees will handle the situation the same way, and make sure that the client has their needs met in an ethical and respectful way. Social workers have a code of ethics that are an important part of the job. According to NASW (2013) â€Å"social workers have an ethical responsibility to their clients, self-determination, competence, social diversity, privacy and confidentiality†. All laws will be posted around the organization so they will be seen daily and keep the mission in the minds of the employees daily. Our clients will respect the organization and the employees for always using ethical conduct and fairness when it concerns helping them find the right services that work. If more services are needed than we have to offer the clients they can have peace knowing they will be sent to an ethical place to have the services needed that will work together with what we offer the clients. When a social worker in the organizati on as not conducted themselves in an ethical way, and has caused problems will be reprimanded. The client’s dignity comes first in the organization. Dealing with a disease that has no cure is devastating to the family, and it is a horrific disease for the client to deal with. Having caring people treating them with love and respect makes a big difference in their world. Offering as much assistance as we can by the programs we have and services we offer will make a big difference in their day-to-day routine. Letting them know they are not alone, and we will be there to make it a bit easier to get through. References: Statement of values and code of ethics for nonprofit and philanthropic organizations. (2004). Retrieved from http://www.ncdsv.org/images/ NASW. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/cod

The Birth of Fish; The Death of Oceans Essay -- Essays Papers

The Birth of Fish; The Death of Oceans Overview: Life and death are themselves opposites; then again in our oceans, life sometimes causes death. Over the past few decades, the demand for edible seafood has sky rocketed, resulting in the formation of aquacultures and overfishing. As of now, the two greatest threats to our marine resources result from overfishing and water pollution. Commercial fishing targets key fish species, resulting in an imbalance of the marine ecosystem. In response to the near elimination of these species, an industry has developed to raise these species in farm communities. It was the initial belief of many that aquacultures would help offset the demand for more seafood. However, the result of fish farming has only contributed to the depletion of the fish population and to the pollution of the marine ecosystem. With only limited regulations placed upon fishing companies, they are basically able to have free range over the oceans. Because of this, there have been severe effects on many fish species. Even with regulations such as the law of the sea, which states that a country bordering the ocean has rights to the fishing areas within two hundred nautical miles of its shores, there are considerable abuses. In Pauly and Watson’s article, it states that the preservation of the country’s fisheries is up to the country itself. The country may also give out rights to other countries to fish its waters. When this occurs, there is a great chance the fleets from other countries will attempt to â€Å"garner as much fish as they can† (Pauly, par. 7). These fleets will also have a disregard as far as the preservation of the marine habitat below such as the reefs (Pauly, Counting The Last Fish). Overfis... ...ctober 2003: 32. - â€Å"FISH FARMING.† National Geographic July 2003: 110. - â€Å"GROWING OUR OWN.† Current Science 19 December 2003: 9. - Hayden, T. â€Å"Sharks in the soup.† U.S. News & World Report 16 February 2004: 136. - Naylor, R. â€Å"The Costs of Fish Farming.† Wilson Quarterly Autumn 2000: 114-115. - Reprint of: Naylor, R., et al. â€Å"Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish Supplies.† Nature 29 June 2000. - Pauly, D. and Watson, R. â€Å"COUNTING THE Last Fish.† Scientific American July 2003: 289. - â€Å"Pros and Cons of Fish Farming.† USA Today Magazine June 2001: 129. Raeburn, P. â€Å"OVERFISHING THREATENS OCEAN’S RUTURE.† Business Week 4 March 2002: 73. - Schrope, M. â€Å"Future of Corals is going down the pan.† New Scientist 10 August 2002: 175. - Wagner, C. â€Å"More Trouble for Coral Reefs.† Futurist January/February 2004: 38.

My Philosophy of Teaching Essay -- Philosophy of Education

Philosophy of Education The purpose of education is to provide students with a knowledge base that will enable them to achieve their goals. These goals will vary from student to student, but an education will enable students to reach their highest potential. Education is a gift and a privilege that all students, no matter their social status, race, or ethnic background, should receive. Education should better society as a whole, and this can only be accomplished through the hard work and dedication of teachers. Teachers play an imperative role in the educational process because the entire development of the student’s education would not be possible without them. This world would have no doctors, lawyers, or engineers if teachers did not help them to reach those professional goals. I believe teachers are handed an opportunity to impact the lives of students, and it is my responsibility as a future teacher to embrace that opportunity with a positive attitude. As I strive to fulfill my role as a teacher, I plan to adhere to the following guidelines: ...